HIST174 – History of Mexico
Here Come the Spanish
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The Conquest of Mexico

I. Precursors

A. The Conquest of the Caribbean

- Hispaniola (1496-98)
- Cuba (1511)
- encomienda/encomendero
- expeditions to Yucatán 1517, 1518

B. Who Were the Conquistadors?

- Spaniards

Fernando/Hernando/Hernán Cortés
Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España

- Africans
- Natives

Tlaxcala
Cholula
Huejotzinco
Texcoco
Xochimilco (Chinampa towns)

II. The Conquest of Tenochtitlan

A. 1519

1. April - July

- Yucatán + Gulf Coast

pochteca
Jerónimo de Aguilar, "Gonzalo Guerrero"
Malintzin (Doña Marina, La Malinche)

- founding of Veracruz

2. August-September

- battle and alliance with Tlaxcala
- Cholula massacre

3. November-December

- entry into Tenochtitlan
- seizure of Moctezuma

B. 1520

1. April

- Pánfilo de Narváez

2. May-June

- Pedro de Alvarado
- massacre of lords during Feast of Toxcatl
- La Noche Triste

C. 1521

1. January-May

- smallpox in Tenochtitlan
- brigantines
- Cuauhtemoc

2. May-August

- siege
- death of Cuauhtemoc
- fall of Tenochtitlan

III. The Demographic Collapse

A. Epidemic disease, in Central Mexico:

1519- 25 million
1568 - 2.5 million
1630 - .7 million

- Smallpox, measles, typhus, pneumonia, influenza, scarlet fever, pleurisy